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» 譯文地址：原文地址： nine-out-of-ten-countries-so-look-out-Luxembourg.html#disqus_thread 附件Britain has invaded all but 22 countries in the world in its long and colourful history, new research has found. 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史中，英國(guó)幾乎侵略了世界上所有的國(guó)家，只有22個(gè)國(guó)家免遭于難。Every schoolboy used to know that at the height of the empire, almost a quarter of the atlas was coloured pink, showing the extent of British rule. 每個(gè)在學(xué)校讀書的孩子都知道，在大英帝國(guó)的鼎盛時(shí)期，世界地圖上有差不多1/4的區(qū)域都是粉紅色的，而這粉紅色的區(qū)域代表的就是英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治區(qū)域。But that oft recited fact dramatically understates the remarkable global reach achieved by this country. 但是事實(shí)并非如此，人們其實(shí)低估了英國(guó)過(guò)去的勢(shì)力延伸。A new study has found that at various times the British have invaded almost 90 per cent of the countries around the globe. 而一項(xiàng)最新的研究指出，在不同的時(shí)代，英國(guó)總共侵略了全球大約90%的國(guó)家。The analysis of the histories of the almost 200 countries in the world found only 22 which have never experienced an invasion by the British. 有人對(duì)200個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)全世界范圍內(nèi)只有22國(guó)家沒(méi)有被英國(guó)人侵略過(guò)。Among this select group of nations are far-off destinations such as Guatemala, Tajikistan and the Marshall Islands, as well some slightly closer to home, such as Luxembourg. 未被英國(guó)侵略的國(guó)家包括遙遠(yuǎn)的危地馬拉，塔吉克斯坦和馬紹爾群島，也有較近的國(guó)家比如盧森堡。The analysis is contained in a new book, All the Countries We've Ever Invaded: And the Few We Never Got Round To. 這份調(diào)查結(jié)果來(lái)自一本新書，這本書叫做《我們侵略過(guò)的所有國(guó)家：還有一些我們來(lái)不及侵略的國(guó)家》。Stuart Laycock, the author, has worked his way around the globe, through each country alphabetically, researching its history to establish whether, at any point, they have experienced an incursion by Britain. 該書的作者斯圖爾特對(duì)全球范圍進(jìn)行了研究(按字母順序來(lái)研究這些國(guó)家)，調(diào)查了每個(gè)國(guó)家在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)期是否有被英國(guó)侵略的經(jīng)歷。Only a comparatively small proportion of the total in Mr Laycock's list of invaded states actually formed an official part of the empire. 在斯圖爾特先生所列的遭英國(guó)侵略的國(guó)家名單里，只有一小部分的受侵略國(guó)家曾經(jīng)正式的成為大英帝國(guó)的一部分。The remainder have been included because the British were found to have achieved some sort of military presence in the territory however transitory either through force, the threat of force, negotiation or payment. 其余大部分國(guó)家出現(xiàn)在名單里的原因是英國(guó)曾經(jīng)在這些地方駐軍過(guò)——不管是多么的短暫——通過(guò)武力、武力威脅、談判或者是作為一種賠款等形式占領(lǐng)的。Incursions by British pirates, privateers or armed explorers have also been included, provided they were operating with the approval of their government. 當(dāng)然不僅包括軍隊(duì)的侵略，英國(guó)海盜、武裝民船以及武裝探險(xiǎn)者的侵略行為也被包括進(jìn)去了，因?yàn)檫@些人的侵略行為也得到了英國(guó)政府的批準(zhǔn)。So, many countries which once formed part of the Spanish empire and seem to have little historical connection with the UK, such as Costa Rica, Ecuador and El Salvador, make the list because of the repeated raids they suffered from state-sanctioned British sailors. 所以從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看的話，很多國(guó)家(這些國(guó)家之前是西班牙帝國(guó)的一部分，和英國(guó)幾乎沒(méi)有什么歷史上的聯(lián)系)比如哥斯達(dá)黎加、厄瓜多爾和薩爾瓦多都在這個(gè)名單上，因?yàn)檫@些國(guó)家經(jīng)常受到英國(guó)水手的襲擊和騷擾，而這些水手是受到英國(guó)政府認(rèn)可的。Among some of the perhaps surprising entries on the list are: 下面的一些國(guó)家也在名單上，你可能會(huì)感到很吃驚：* Cuba, where in 1741, a force under Admiral Edward Vernon stormed ashore at Guantnamo Bay. He renamed it Cumberland Bay, before being forced to withdraw in the face of hostile locals and an outbreak of disease among his men. Twenty one years later, Havana and a large part of the island fell to the British after a bloody siege, only to be handed back to the Spanish in 1763, along with another unlikely British possession, the Philippines, in exchange for Florida and Minorca. * 古巴，在1741年的時(shí)候，海軍上將愛(ài)德華 弗農(nóng)帶領(lǐng)了一支軍隊(duì)在光塔那摩灣的海岸登陸。他把這個(gè)地方重新命名為坎伯蘭灣，后來(lái)在兇狠當(dāng)?shù)厝说牡挚瓜乱约八�的軍�?duì)中爆發(fā)了瘟疫，他才不得不下令撤退。 21年后，在英國(guó)的再次圍攻下，哈瓦那和古巴的其他大片區(qū)域還是被英國(guó)占領(lǐng)了，但是在1763年的時(shí)候，英國(guó)又把占領(lǐng)的古巴歸還給了西班牙人，英國(guó)人還把菲律賓群島也給了西班牙人，而交換條件是英國(guó)獲得佛羅里達(dá)和米諾卡島(地中海西部島嶼)。*Iceland, invaded in 1940 by the British after the neutral nation refused to enter the war on the Allies side. The invasion force, of 745 marines, met with strong protest from the Iceland government, but no resistance. * 冰島，由于冰島在二站期間是中立國(guó)，拒絕加入同盟國(guó)，所以英國(guó)在1940年的時(shí)候入侵了這個(gè)國(guó)家。英國(guó)的745海軍負(fù)責(zé)這次的入侵任務(wù)，冰島政府對(duì)英國(guó)的行為進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)烈的抗議，但是并沒(méi)有遇到冰島軍隊(duì)的抵抗。* Vietnam, which has experienced repeated incursions by the British since the seventeenth century. The most recent from 1945 to 1946 saw the British fight a campaign for control of the country against communists, in a war that has been overshadowed by later conflicts involving first the French and then Americans. * 越南， 自從17世紀(jì)以來(lái)，越南就不斷地受到英國(guó)的侵犯。最近的一次是在1945-1946年的時(shí)候，英國(guó)人發(fā)起了一系列的活動(dòng)，試圖控制這個(gè)國(guó)家并以此打擊越南***，但是后來(lái)法國(guó)人和美國(guó)人也卷入了在越南的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，使英國(guó)的在越南的行動(dòng)黯然失色。It is thought to be the first time such a list has been compiled. 類似這樣的名單，可能目前世界上只有這一份。Mr Laycock, who has previously published books on Roman history, began the unusual quest after being asked by his 11-year-old son, Frederick, how many countries the British had invaded. 斯圖爾特先生在之前還出版過(guò)一些關(guān)于羅馬歷史的書籍，他的11歲兒子弗雷德里克問(wèn)了他一個(gè)問(wèn)題：英國(guó)侵略過(guò)多少個(gè)國(guó)家，這才使得他下決心開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)不同尋常的工作。After almost two years of research he said he was shocked by the answer. "I was absolutely staggered when I reached the total. I like to think I have a relatively good general knowledge. But there are places where it hadn't occurred to me that these things had ever happened. It shocked me. 對(duì)這個(gè)課題研究了兩年以后，他說(shuō)他對(duì)研究結(jié)果感到很震驚。“當(dāng)我看到英國(guó)侵略了那么多國(guó)家后，我的確感到很吃驚。我總是覺(jué)得我的知識(shí)范圍還是相對(duì)廣泛的。但是現(xiàn)在我知道原來(lái)有那么多地方曾經(jīng)被英國(guó)侵略過(guò)，我之前完全沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，所以我感到很震驚。The countries never invaded by the British: 英國(guó)人從未侵略過(guò)的國(guó)家：Andorra 安道爾Belarus 白俄羅斯Bolivia 玻利維亞Burundi 布隆迪Central African Republic 中非共和國(guó)Chad 乍得Congo, Republic of 剛果共和國(guó)Guatemala 危地馬拉Ivory Coast 科特迪瓦Kyrgyzstan 吉爾吉斯斯坦Liechtenstein 列支敦斯登Luxembourg 盧森堡Mali 馬里Marshall Islands 馬紹爾群島Monaco 摩納哥Mongolia 蒙古Paraguay 巴拉圭Sao Tome and Principe 圣多美與普林希比共和國(guó)Sweden 瑞典Tajikistan 塔吉克斯坦Uzbekistan 烏茲別克斯坦Vatican City 梵蒂岡城作為傳統(tǒng)政治學(xué)意義上的“empire”，美國(guó)可能是歷史上最散漫的帝國(guó)之一。他喵的世界毒瘤 吃我們的早晚讓它吐出來(lái)二本升的比較早而已現(xiàn)在三本時(shí)代不是完全痿了么你以為日不落帝國(guó)是亂叫的？？？？很多國(guó)家是二戰(zhàn)后才蹦出來(lái)的還有 英國(guó)的確是曾經(jīng)最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家當(dāng)時(shí)的海軍規(guī)模已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是目前美國(guó)可以比較的東印度嗎如果統(tǒng)計(jì)下“歷史上被中國(guó)侵略過(guò)的國(guó)家”，不知道有幾個(gè)。大英帝國(guó)和蒙古帝國(guó)什么的再也不會(huì)第二次稱霸世界了，中國(guó)起起伏伏這么多年總有機(jī)會(huì)的突然戰(zhàn)斗力爆表了目前已經(jīng)萎掉了美帝也被英國(guó)侵略過(guò)的說(shuō)，然后就是獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的劇情 很多國(guó)家是二戰(zhàn)后才蹦出來(lái)的還有 英國(guó)的確是曾經(jīng)最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家當(dāng)時(shí)的海軍規(guī)模已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是目前美國(guó)可以比較的...這個(gè)圖怎么看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)別扭的感覺(jué)呢？...~韓國(guó)人怎么看事實(shí)證明再牛逼也有陽(yáng)痿的一天。 美帝也被英國(guó)侵略過(guò)的說(shuō)，然后就是獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的劇情 如果統(tǒng)計(jì)下“歷史上被中國(guó)侵略過(guò)的國(guó)家”，不知道有幾個(gè)。蘇聯(lián)對(duì)東歐各國(guó)的控制，對(duì)阿富汗，埃及，古巴，朝鮮，越南等國(guó)的干預(yù)19世紀(jì)英國(guó)在歐洲事務(wù)，新大陸殖民地事務(wù)等各方面所發(fā)揮的作用拿破侖的歐洲體系歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)東亞之前中國(guó)在東亞所建立的朝貢體系是齊名的